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…treaty rights are hereby recognized and affirmed” in Section 35. Section 35 had been added to the Constitution in 1982 to protect Aboriginal rights. However, those rights had yet to…

…a pole Carving a totem pole requires not only artistic skill, but an intimate understanding of cultural histories and forest ecology. Most totem poles are made from Western red cedar,…

…of Lords (now known as the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom) to support Indigenous rights.16 Subsequently, after months of international attention and pressure from Aboriginal groups across Canada, the…

…a forest utilization site containing a CMT created prior to 1846 is protected by law.10 Today, Aboriginal peoples continue to create new CMTs as part of their cultural and economic…

…Lands within the Countries above described. or upon any other Lands which, not having been ceded to or purchased by Us, are still reserved to the said Indians as aforesaid,…

…Hawthorn to investigate the social conditions of Aboriginal peoples across Canada. In his report, A Survey of the Contemporary Indians of Canada: Economic, Political, Educational Needs and Policies, Hawthorn concluded…

…integral to the culture of the claimant. The test outlines ten criteria that must be met in order for a practice to be affirmed and protected as an Aboriginal right…

…adversely affected by incursions by industrial economies, displacement, and settlement of their traditional territories by others. For more on how this term was developed, please see our section on global…

…the government proposed to dismantle the Department of Indian Affairs, repeal treaties, and transfer jurisdiction of Aboriginal issues to the province. The UBCIC viewed these proposals a way to assimilate…

…Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the 1930s, the Department of Indian Affairs (DIA) provided small grants to fund homemakers’ clubs on reserves across Canada. These were clubs where women would gather…