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…The introduction of canneries and a wage-based economy These chiefly economies continued, and in many ways became the backbone of the burgeoning, late 19th century industrial economy. With the advent…

…(Lawrence, 51). In addition to those who do not qualify for Indian status after the “two generation cutoff,” the Indian Act has also historically excluded particular Indigenous groups and individuals,…

…resistance and adaptation is known as the “Potlatch Law.” In 1884, the federal government banned potlatches under the Indian Act, with other ceremonies such as the sun dance to follow…

…culture, traditional teachings, and mental/spiritual wellbeing. According to the Report of the Aboriginal Justice Inquiry of Manitoba, several generations of Indigenous Peoples were denied the development of parenting skills not…

…Montgomery, 2006. 119. 2 Roberts, 119. 3 Joseph, Bobby. Guest lecture. Introduction to First Nations Studies. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC. 12 March 2009. 4 Haig-Brown, Celia. Resistance and…

…of Indian and Northern Affairs, 1969. Available online via http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/inac-ainc/indian_policy-e/cp1969_e.pdf Accessed December 2020. 12 Indian Association of Alberta. Citizens Plus. (“The Red Paper.”) Edmonton: Indian Association of Alberta, 1970….

…through. Men had always respected that spiritual and mental strength and women respected the men’s physical strength. There was always a balance between men and women as each had their…

…culture, traditional teachings, and mental/spiritual wellbeing. According to the Report of the Aboriginal Justice Inquiry of Manitoba, several generations of Indigenous Peoples were denied the development of parenting skills not…

…Water is heated in baskets using hot rocks, and once it comes to a boil, foodstuffs can be added. The withes of a cedar tree are strong, lightweight, and naturally…