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…By Erin Hanson (2009), with updates and revisions by Daniel P. Gamez & Alexa Manuel (September 2020). The original version of this article has been archived, but may be…

…who are elected by band members typically every two years under election procedures defined by the Indian Act, or alternatively by custom election codes also authorized under the Indian Act….

…Aboriginal. Meanwhile, they are expected to emulate normal child development by imitating the role model behavior of their Anglo-Canadian foster or adoptive parents. The impossibility of emulating the genetic characteristics…

…meetings had been initiated involving local elders, chiefs and councillors. At one point Ovide Mercredi, then Grand Chief of the Assembly of First Nations (AFN), arrived to negotiate and attempt…

…experiments would become a rough model for subsequent reserves in Canada. Non-Aboriginal settlement of what is now Canada expanded as the British gained control of French colonies and the Dominion…

…government added specific pieces of discriminatory legislation in the Indian Act that made it illegal for Aboriginal people to organize politically or to hire legal counsel to further land claims….

…Ellen Neel (Kwakwaka’wakw) and Bill Reid (Haida), who all have works exhibited at the Museum of Anthropology at UBC and some at the Royal B.C. Museum in Victoria.15 Other First…

…enfranchised.2 By 1869, the federal government had created the Gradual Enfranchisement Act which established the elective band council system that remains in the Indian Act to this day. The Gradual…

…the residential schools was to eliminate all aspects of Aboriginal culture. Students had their hair cut short, they were dressed in uniforms, and their days were strictly regimented by timetables….