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…a chief, or may be commissioned to celebrate an important milestone or event, the reason for the pole’s creation is shared and celebrated in such ceremonies. Photograph (c) 2009 Robyn…

…Canadian Constitution Act, Section 35. Efforts to dismantle the Indian Act, most notoriously the 1969 “White Paper,” have been roundly criticized as the Canadian federal government disavowing its obligations to…

…12 September 1995, A1. As quoted in Lambertus, 112. 19 Lambertus, 109. 20 Switlo, personal communication. 21 Switlo, personal communication. 22 As quoted by Mofino, Rick. “U.S. court refuses to…

…the silence about Canada’s 800+ missing and murdered Aboriginal women: Interview with Cree academic and activist Robyn Bourgeois.” Black Coffee Poet website, Feb 16, 2011. Accessed February 17, 2011. Available…

…Aboriginal Rights.” 1989. Endnotes 1 Union of BC Indian Chiefs (UBCIC), “About.” https://www.ubcic.bc.ca/about 2 UBCIC, “Mandate.” September 10, 2010. https://www.ubcic.bc.ca/mandate 3 UBCIC, “Constitution and Bylaws,” June 2019. https://www.ubcic.bc.ca/constitution 4 Tennant,…

…Bodley, John H. Victims of Progress. Lanham, MD: Altamira Press, 2008. “This compelling account of the effects of technology and development on Indigenous peoples throughout the world examines major issues…

…One of these demonstrations was the Constitution Express, an action that contemporary activist Arthur Manuel describes as the most effective direct action in Canadian history, as it ultimately changed the…

…practices in those locations. Reserve acreage varied across the country. Treaties 1 and 2 allotted 160 acres per family of five, whereas Treaties 3 to 11 granted 640 acres per…

…result;” Fair compensation was provided, and, Aboriginal groups were consulted, or, “at the least… informed.” The Supreme Court also acknowledged that other considerations may be taken into account, depending on…

…acres of the Musqueam reserve. The DIA obtained Musqueam’s consent by assuring them that the band would receive revenue from the lease. According to Musqueam, the band was denied legal…