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The Residential School System

Male students in the assembly hall of the Alberni Indian Residential School, 1960s. United Church Archives, Toronto, from Mission to Partnership Collection.

…only reached grade five by the time they were 18. At this point, students were sent away. Many were discouraged from pursuing further education. Abuse at the schools was widespread:…

Indian Status

…National Film Board of Canada’s film “Club Native.” As was mentioned earlier, these categories rest predominantly on legislation and not on actual Aboriginal ancestry. These subsections and the ability to…

Aboriginal Identity & Terminology

…“Aboriginal” became the mutually accepted term. In the Constitution, “Aboriginal” is used to include three groups previously defined by earlier categories: “Indian,” “Inuit,” and “Métis.” Each of these three predecessor…

Global Actions

…with consultative status to the U.N. Social and Economic Council awarded in 1977. The IITC maintains a strong Canadian presence in the Treaty 6 area. George Manuel. Photo used with…

Métis

…as people who have continued ties to a historical Métis community, and are accepted as such by that community. Yet Métis identity is also adopted by some non-status Aboriginal peoples…

UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

…can be read online. The UN Economic and Social Council (UNECOSOC) responded to these findings by creating the Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP), comprised of five independent experts as…

Bill C-31

…major goals: to address gender discrimination of the Indian Act, to restore Indian status to those who had been forcibly enfranchised due to previous discriminatory provisions, and to allow bands…

Constitution Act, 1982 Section 35

…plan to include Aboriginal rights so extensively within the constitution when the Act was being redrafted in the early 1980s. Early drafts and discussions during the patriation of the Canadian…

Oral Traditions

…deaf ears, and while he accepted their oral history as evidence, Justice Allen McEachern concluded that it held no weight. In his now infamous ruling, he concluded that the Gitksan…

Gustafsen Lake

…campaigns, and successful efforts to spread misinformation about the Sundancers. The media were strategically excluded from all but official RCMP accounts of events, resulting in highly skewed reporting. Supporters of…