Indian Status
…Act regarding status continue to be challenged and revised. For more information about this, see our section on Bill C-31. Passing along Indian status Many people view Indian status as…
The Residential School System
…2020. Website. [Date accessed]. Chicago: Hanson, Eric, Daniel P. Games, and Alexa Manuel. “The Residential School System”. Indigenous Foundations. https://indigenousfoundations.web.arts.ubc.ca/residential-school-system-2020/. (accessed Month, day, year). APA: Hanson, E., Gamez, D., &…
Aboriginal Identity & Terminology
…“Aboriginal” became the mutually accepted term. In the Constitution, “Aboriginal” is used to include three groups previously defined by earlier categories: “Indian,” “Inuit,” and “Métis.” Each of these three predecessor…
Métis
…as people who have continued ties to a historical Métis community, and are accepted as such by that community. Yet Métis identity is also adopted by some non-status Aboriginal peoples…
Global Actions
…with consultative status to the U.N. Social and Economic Council awarded in 1977. The IITC maintains a strong Canadian presence in the Treaty 6 area. George Manuel. Photo used with…
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
…free of this colonial mindset, not reinforce it. As human rights lawyer James Sa’ke’j Youngblood Henderson observes, “[Member states] worried about the implications of Indigenous rights, refusing to acknowledge the…
Bill C-31
…some years later, she and her children attempted to return to her reserve to find that they were denied access to housing, health care, and education as a result of…
Constitution Act, 1982 Section 35
…plan to include Aboriginal rights so extensively within the constitution when the Act was being redrafted in the early 1980s. Early drafts and discussions during the patriation of the Canadian…
Oral Traditions
…to maintain a historical record and sustain their cultures and identities. According to scholars Renée Hulan and Renate Eigenbrod, oral traditions are “the means by which knowledge is reproduced, preserved…
Totem Poles
…Essays in Celebration of the Twenty-Fifth American Indian Workshop, eds. Barbara Saunders and Lea Zuyderhoudt (New York: Cornell University Press, 2004), 80. 10 Halpin, 35. 11 Vickers, 60. 12 Halpin,…
