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…in the fish and fur trade with Europeans. During this time, coastal First Nations acquired new tools that enabled them to construct more elaborate poles. Most poles, even though they…

…people across Canada. As such, the Musqueam band decided to defend to the charge against Sparrow. They outlined five main arguments: That the Musqueam retained the right to fish on…

…their message to an international audience. Eventually, the Trudeau government agreed to recognize Aboriginal rights within the Constitution. Contemporary activist Arthur Manuel calls the Constitution Express the most effective direct…

…Proclamation is still valid in Canada, since no law has overruled it.1 The Royal Proclamation is enshrined in Section 25 of the Constitution Act; this section of the Charter of…

…According to the Indian Act, a band may have one elected chief and one elected councilor for every 100 band members, with a minimum of two councilors required per band….

…Us,” in Be of Good Mind: Essays on the Coast Salish, ed. Bruce Granville Miller (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2007), 82. 4 Robert Perks and Alistair Thomson, eds., The Oral History…

…in Canada with “status” and “non-status Indians,” the legally defined categories of people under the Indian Act. On the other hand, terms can empower populations when the people have the…

…Hawthorn to investigate the social conditions of Aboriginal peoples across Canada. In his report, A Survey of the Contemporary Indians of Canada: Economic, Political, Educational Needs and Policies, Hawthorn concluded…

…prime acres of the Musqueam reserve. The DIA obtained Musqueam’s consent by assuring them that the band would receive revenue from the lease. According to Musqueam, the band was denied…

…a case regarding 162 acres of Musqueam lands that had been leased to a Vancouver golf club in 1958. The Musqueam went to trial after discovering that the lands had…