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…our Royal Will and Pleasure, that no Governor or Commander in Chief in any of our Colonies of Quebec, East Florida. or West Florida, do presume, upon any Pretence whatever,…

…burden of justifying any legislation that has some negative effect on any aboriginal right protected under s. 35(1). R. v. Sparrow, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 1075 The Sparrow Test The Court’s…

…Aboriginal peoples have consistently responded to and actively resisted against unilateral, top-down imposition of government policies that impact their rights and title. We have grouped together several key examples…

…adversely affected by incursions by industrial economies, displacement, and settlement of their traditional territories by others. For more on how this term was developed, please see our section on global…

…Augustine Hereditary Chief and Keptin of the Mi’kmaq Grand Council1 Throughout history, Aboriginal societies in North America have relied on the oral transmission of stories, histories, lessons and other knowledge…

…their message to an international audience. Eventually, the Trudeau government agreed to recognize Aboriginal rights within the Constitution. Contemporary activist Arthur Manuel calls the Constitution Express the most effective direct…

…legal authority it must be approved by the Minister of Indians and Northern Affairs or his/her designate. Structure Bands are led by band councils comprised of a chief and councilors,…

…in order for it to be subdivided and leased to non-Band members. The leases began in 1966 and lasted 99 years, 30 years of which the rents were fixed at…

…represented, policy is examined and resolutions are passed. The UBCIC also holds Special General Meetings throughout the year as necessary. A brief history of the Union of BC Indian Chiefs…