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…Cultural Modified Trees,” 6. 9 Stewart 114. 10 Styd and Feddema, 12. 11 Ibid. 12 Stewart, 174. 13 Stewart, 165. 14 Stewart, 87. 15 Stewart, 84. 16 Stewart, 180….

…deaf ears, and while he accepted their oral history as evidence, Justice Allen McEachern concluded that it held no weight. In his now infamous ruling, he concluded that the Gitksan…

…our Royal Will and Pleasure, that no Governor or Commander in Chief in any of our Colonies of Quebec, East Florida. or West Florida, do presume, upon any Pretence whatever,…

…http://www.thecourt.ca/the-legacy-of-r-v-sparrow/ Musqueam Indian Band. “Statement on the passing of Ronald “Bud” Sparrow.” (2020). https://www.musqueam.bc.ca/statement-passing-ron-bud-sparrow/ Endnotes 1 Helloing, Evaleen, “The Legacy of R v Sparrow.” (2020). http://www.thecourt.ca/the-legacy-of-r-v-sparrow/ 2 Peter Kulchyski, Ed….

…According to the Indian Act, a band may have one elected chief and one elected councilor for every 100 band members, with a minimum of two councilors required per band….

…their message to an international audience. Eventually, the Trudeau government agreed to recognize Aboriginal rights within the Constitution. Contemporary activist Arthur Manuel calls the Constitution Express the most effective direct…

…1970. Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. “Our History”. https://www.ubcic.bc.ca/about The Hawthorn Report Hawthorn, Harry, ed. A Survey of the Contemporary Indians of Canada: Economic, Political, Educational Needs and Policies….

…in Canada with “status” and “non-status Indians,” the legally defined categories of people under the Indian Act. On the other hand, terms can empower populations when the people have the…