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…2020. Website. [Date accessed]. Chicago: Hanson, Eric, Daniel P. Games, and Alexa Manuel. “The Residential School System”. Indigenous Foundations. https://indigenousfoundations.web.arts.ubc.ca/residential-school-system-2020/. (accessed Month, day, year). APA: Hanson, E., Gamez, D., &…

…or unrecognized Métis peoples has been and will continue to be a major area of academic, legal, and political inquiry in Canada. And as scholars and other recognized experts revisit…

…with consultative status to the U.N. Social and Economic Council awarded in 1977. The IITC maintains a strong Canadian presence in the Treaty 6 area. George Manuel. Photo used with…

…What is a band? A “Band”, or “Indian Band,” is a governing unit of Indians in Canada instituted by the Indian Act, 1876. The Indian Act defines a “band”…

…Calder Case, and the Future of Indigenous Rights. (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2007). Henderson, James Sákéj Youngblood. “Postcolonial Ledger Drawing.” In Marie Battiste, ed., Reclaiming Indigenous Voice and Vision. (Vancouver: UBC…

…bark burned slowly, providing excellent tinder for matches and torches. Cedar wood is strong, lightweight, and straight-grained, so it is easy to split and carve, and made into totem poles,…

…Vancouver: UBC Press, 2007. Foster, Hamar, “Letting Go The Bone: The Idea of Indian Title in British Columbia, 1849-1927,” in Foster and McLaren, eds., Essays in the History of Canadian…

…was not until 1980 that the Child, Family and Community Services Act required social workers to notify the band council if an Aboriginal child were removed from the community.5 An…

…Indigenous Peoples. Somerset: Transaction Publishers, 2009. Henderson, James Sa’ke’j Youngblood. Indigenous Diplomacy and the Rights of Peoples: Achieving UN Recognition. Saskatoon: Purich Publishing, 2008. Lightfoot, Sheryl. “A Sea Change on…

…deaf ears, and while he accepted their oral history as evidence, Justice Allen McEachern concluded that it held no weight. In his now infamous ruling, he concluded that the Gitksan…