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…Water is heated in baskets using hot rocks, and once it comes to a boil, foodstuffs can be added. The withes of a cedar tree are strong, lightweight, and naturally…

…administered by churches that had the nominal objective of educating Indigenous children but also the more damaging and equally explicit objectives of indoctrinating them into Euro-Canadian and Christian ways of…

…such as band administration, education, and health care. The Indian Act has historically stated that those with Indian status have rights to live on reserves, share in band monies, vote…

…for an elected band council system in 1923, Deskaheh fought to keep the existing Haudenosaunee systems in place. He collected petitions and traveled to Geneva, Switzerland on a passport issued…

…Calder Case, and the Future of Indigenous Rights. (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2007). Henderson, James Sákéj Youngblood. “Postcolonial Ledger Drawing.” In Marie Battiste, ed., Reclaiming Indigenous Voice and Vision. (Vancouver: UBC…

…French heritage). Others prefer the term Otipemisiwak which is a Cree term meaning “the people who rule themselves.” Many Métis groups have adopted terms of identity that separate their community…

…administering the Indian Act and policies and programs relating to bands, including disbursement of administrative monies, social service programs, and educational programs; band administration is responsible for the day-to-day functioning…

…Columbia Indian Chiefs, “Aboriginal Title Implementation.” https://www.ubcic.bc.ca/aboriginal_title_implementation_ubcic_1998 2 See, for example, Paul Tennant. Aboriginal People and Politics: The Indian Land Question in British Columbia 1849-1989. (Vancouver: UBC Press), 1990. 3…

…can be read online. The UN Economic and Social Council (UNECOSOC) responded to these findings by creating the Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP), comprised of five independent experts as…

…a tree is felled, the wood is debarked and shaped using implements such as adzes, axes, chisels, carving knives, and chainsaws. Other artists argue that technological innovation is an important…