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…colonial efforts to eradicate them, or that Aboriginal people do not have agency to determine Aboriginal identity. In addition, for those Aboriginal groups not recognized under the Indian Act –…

…acts as treasonable and wanted him executed. Riel fled to the United States. Despite these setbacks, the Métis provisional government won federal approval of the Manitoba Act, which took effect…

…arrived they brought with them a piece of the knowledge puzzle. They had to reach back to the teachings of their parents, grandparents and even great-grandparents. These teachings were shared…

…claims, the federal government added Section 141 to the Indian Act. Section 141 outlawed the hiring of lawyers and legal counsel by Indians, effectively barring Aboriginal peoples from fighting for…

…Water is heated in baskets using hot rocks, and once it comes to a boil, foodstuffs can be added. The withes of a cedar tree are strong, lightweight, and naturally…

…in treaties, or have been defined as a result of a court case. For example: The Sparrow decision found that the Musqueam Band in Vancouver, B.C. had an existing Aboriginal…

…Aboriginal people into mainstream Canadian society and do away with the distinct relationship Aboriginal peoples had with the Canadian government. Chief Dennis Alphonse of the Cowichan Band wrote letters to…

…such as band administration, education, and health care. The Indian Act has historically stated that those with Indian status have rights to live on reserves, share in band monies, vote…

…Essays in Celebration of the Twenty-Fifth American Indian Workshop, eds. Barbara Saunders and Lea Zuyderhoudt (New York: Cornell University Press, 2004), 80. 10 Halpin, 35. 11 Vickers, 60. 12 Halpin,…