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…who had been denied land under the Manitoba Act were now given land in the form of scrip. Many people found the scrip system problematic and susceptible to fraud, in…

…for other relevant resources. 11 Jan Vansina, Oral Tradition As History (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985), 12–13. 12 Ibid. 13 Augustine, 3. 14 Drew Mildon, “A Bad Connection: First…

…It is important, however, to understand the material stakes at the basis of many critiques of Bill C31. To read all critiques solely within the framework of internalized sexism obscures…

…resistance and adaptation is known as the “Potlatch Law.” In 1884, the federal government banned potlatches under the Indian Act, with other ceremonies such as the sun dance to follow…

…Aboriginal people into mainstream Canadian society and do away with the distinct relationship Aboriginal peoples had with the Canadian government. Chief Dennis Alphonse of the Cowichan Band wrote letters to…

…in treaties, or have been defined as a result of a court case. For example: The Sparrow decision found that the Musqueam Band in Vancouver, B.C. had an existing Aboriginal…

…is the bark. Bark could be dyed and processed into different types of thread for mats, clothing, blankets, and hats. Kwakwaka’wakw warriors wore protective armour made from bark rope during…

…Essays in Celebration of the Twenty-Fifth American Indian Workshop, eds. Barbara Saunders and Lea Zuyderhoudt (New York: Cornell University Press, 2004), 80. 10 Halpin, 35. 11 Vickers, 60. 12 Halpin,…

…such as band administration, education, and health care. The Indian Act has historically stated that those with Indian status have rights to live on reserves, share in band monies, vote…