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…According to the Indian Act, a band may have one elected chief and one elected councilor for every 100 band members, with a minimum of two councilors required per band….

…It is important, however, to understand the material stakes at the basis of many critiques of Bill C31. To read all critiques solely within the framework of internalized sexism obscures…

…arrived they brought with them a piece of the knowledge puzzle. They had to reach back to the teachings of their parents, grandparents and even great-grandparents. These teachings were shared…

…claims, the federal government added Section 141 to the Indian Act. Section 141 outlawed the hiring of lawyers and legal counsel by Indians, effectively barring Aboriginal peoples from fighting for…

…in treaties, or have been defined as a result of a court case. For example: The Sparrow decision found that the Musqueam Band in Vancouver, B.C. had an existing Aboriginal…

…is the bark. Bark could be dyed and processed into different types of thread for mats, clothing, blankets, and hats. Kwakwaka’wakw warriors wore protective armour made from bark rope during…

…horizontal line breaks between totem figures, while Haida poles had closely intertwined designs with a shallow relief. In contrast, the Kwakwaka’wakw poles featured deeply etched surfaces and jutting wings and…

…Aboriginal people into mainstream Canadian society and do away with the distinct relationship Aboriginal peoples had with the Canadian government. Chief Dennis Alphonse of the Cowichan Band wrote letters to…

…for band council and chief, and inherit band property. In 1985, an amendment to the Indian Act separated Indian status from band membership. Bands were granted the right to develop…